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What is the International Emergency Signal for Distress

Argus Milton • Jan 02, 2023

What is an International Emergency Signal for Distress?  Believe it or not there are several ways to signal distress that are naturally understood by the human mind. In this article we cover what those signals are and how to use them in an emergency situation.

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"When out and about, know HOW and WHERE to reach out!"  That’s a little saying I like to use to stay on top of emergency preparedness when traveling.  Just imagine being in a situation and the difference between life and death is whether or not you know how to reach the right people! It is essential to know these things, as well as have the contact information of the authorities in the event something goes wrong (God forbid).  This article answers the question; "What is the international emergency signal for distress", along with some very important emergency contact information.  I have included visual representations and international emergency exchanges from all corners of the world.

Countries that also use 911 as their official emergency number are: Uruguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Anguilla, Bolivia, Canada, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Aruba, Barbados, El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, Ethiopia, Liberia, Tonga, Ecuador, Jordan, Guam, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, Paraguay, Panama, Tonga, Venezuela, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, Belize, and Dominican Republic.



Table of Contents 

  • Types of distress signals
  • International Emergency Phone Numbers
  • Conclusion 




Types of Distress Signals

There are many different types of distress signals, some requiring preparation ahead of time (as mentioned in the previous section) while others can be created from one’s surroundings. The key to what some may consider “impromptu” distress signaling is providing visuals or sounds that “don’t belong”. You will notice a pattern in the signals below that include actions in multiples of three. When we observe a happening once it’s just a single occurrence, twice a coincidence, three times on purpose. From there our mind begins to investigate, igniting the “Uncertainty Reduction Principle” discussed in the previous section.   

International Emergency Signal for Distress


Three Shots (or other loud noise) into the Air  

If you have a gun or other means of launching some type of projectile into the air that emits sound, this is a sure way of capturing a person’s attention.  Ideally you need to be able to sustain at least two to three rounds of three shots each.  This way you make it very clear that you are trying to alert someone for help.  


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Fire Signal

Fire is a very effective tool, as it is highly visible and unmistakable.  If you find yourself in need of help and have the ability to produce flames, then do so.  One very popular fire method is creating three separate fires spaced evenly apart.  This method effectively draws attention from potential onlookers and is an automatic trigger for the Uncertainty Reduction Principle mentioned in previous sections.   


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Smoke Signal 

With fire comes smoke, and with smoke comes attention.  To boost your visibility with a fire, locate pine, wood or leaves (especially dead & damp leaves) and toss them on top of a well burning fire.  This will produce a thick smoke that will be noticeable for up to 10 miles, and airplanes as well.        


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Flare

This tool requires a little forethought being that you would need to acquire it beforehand in order to use. Fortunately it’s available to anyone with access to Amazon or a number of other websites.  It was designed to get people’s attention, so the only requirement is to aim towards the sky and shoot. This can be towards a passing plane or if you think there may be onlookers in the distance.  Quality flares can be seen from 5-10 miles in daylight, and up to 40 


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Mores Code

This well-known method of communication is pretty straightforward, and is based on a simple acronym known as SOS, which stands for “Save our Ship”.  To use morse code requires the ability of telecommunication consisting of either a transmission line, multiplexer or base transceiver station.  The morse code system was officially replaced by the GMDSS, or Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.  While the code went through a host of advancements over the years, the simplest form consists of; three rapid signals, followed by three long signals, and finally three more rapid signals.  The person sending out the signal would simply repeat this sequence as needed. 


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Mirror Reflection

A three flash mirror (or other reflective object) reflection is a well known and effective method that can really catch a person's attention.  It works by boucing light from the sun towards the intended target. 


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Waving of Flag

Waving flag like material in the air is an unmistakable sign of distress.  This could be a shirt, jacket, sheet, towel or an actual flag.  Simply attach any of the following to a stick or pole and wave it from one side to the other.  This method is known for its ability to draw attention, even from great distances.  


International Emergency Signal for Distress


Ground Marks 

Ground marking is a very effective way of capturing a person’s attention from above.  Tom Hanks famously displays this method in the blockbuster hit; “Cast Away”, where he writes “HELP” in the sand in very large letters.  If you find yourself in a country where you don’t know exactly how to write HELP in their language, you can also use the letter “X”.  This seems to have a very profound effect on the human psyche when it comes to getting someone’s attention and signaling distress.  


International Emergency Phone Numbers


  • Afghanistan – 119
  • Albania – 129
  • Algeria – 1548
  • Andorra – 110
  • Angola – 113
  • Australia – 000
  • Bangladesh – 999
  • Belgium – 101
  • Bhutan – 113
  • Brazil – 190
  • Burundi – 117
  • Cambodia – 117
  • Cameroon – 117
  • Cape Verde – 132
  • Central African Republic – 117
  • Chile – 133
  • China – 110
  • Colombia – 123
  • Comoros – 17
  • Congo Republic – 117
  • Cook Islands – 999
  • Croatia – 192
  • Cuba – 106
  • Czech Republic – 158


  • Denmark – 112
  • Djibouti – 17
  • Dominica – 999
  • Egypt – 122
  • Equatorial Guinea – 114
  • Eritrea – 113
  • Estonia – 112
  • Eswatini – 999
  • Faroe Islands – 112
  • Finland – 112
  • France – 17
  • French Guiana – 112
  • French Polynesia – 112
  • Gabon – 1730
  • Gambia – 117
  • Georgia – 112
  • Germany – 110
  • Ghana – 191
  • Gibraltar – 199 or 999 or 112
  • Greece – 100
  • Greenland – 112
  • Guadeloupe – 112
  • Guatemala – 110
  • Guinea – 117
  • Guinea Bissau – 117
  • Guyana – 999
  • Haiti – 114
  • Hong Kong – 999
  • Hungary – 107
  • Iceland – 112
  • India – 112
  • Indonesia – 112
  • Iran – 110
  • Iraq – 112
  • Ireland – 999 or 112
  • Isle of Man – 112 or 999
  • Israel – 100
  • Italy – 112
  • Ivory Coast – 170 or 110 or 111
  • Jamaica – 119
  • Japan – 110
  • Kazakhstan – 112
  • Kenya – 112 or 999
  • Kiribati – 999
  • Kuwait – 112
  • Kyrgyzstan – 102
  • Laos – 191
  • Latvia – 112
  • Lebanon – 112 or 999
  • Lesotho – 123
  • Liechtenstein – 117
  • Lithuania – 112
  • Luxembourg – 112
  • Lybia – 1515
  • Macau – 999
  • Madagascar – 117
  • Malawi – 997
  • Malaysia – 999
  • Maldives – 119
  • Mali – 17
  • Malta – 112
  • Martinique – 112
  • Mauritania – 117
  • Mauritius – 112
  • Mayotte – 112
  • Moldova – 112
  • Monaco – 17
  • Mongolia – 105
  • Montenegro – 122
  • Morocco – 19
  • Mozambique – 119
  • Myanmar – 999
  • Namibia – 10 111
  • Nauru – 110
  • Nepal – 100
  • Netherlands – 112
  • New Caledonia – 112
  • New Zealand – 111
  • Nicaragua – 118
  • Niger – 17
  • Nigeria – 112
  • North Korea – 110
  • Norway – 112
  • Oman – 9999
  • Papua New Guinea – 112
  • Poland – 997
  • Portugal – 112
  • Qatar – 999
  • Reunion – 112
  • Romania – 112
  • Russia – 102
  • Rwanda – 112
  • Saint Pierre and Miquelon – 112
  • Samoa – 999
  • San Marino – 113
  • Sao Tome and Principe – 112
  • Senegal – 17
  • Serbia – 192 or 112
  • Seychelles – 112
  • Sierra Leone – 19
  • Singapore – 999
  • Slovakia – 158
  • Slovenia – 112
  • Somalia – 888
  • South Africa – 10 111
  • South Korea – 112
  • South Sudan – 999
  • Spain - 112
  • Sri Lanka – 119
  • Sudan – 999
  • Suriname – 115
  • Sweden – 112
  • Switzerland – 117
  • Syria – 112
  • Taiwan – 110
  • Tajikistan – 112
  • Tanzania – 112
  • Timor Leste – 112
  • Togo – 117
  • Tunisia – 197
  • Turkey – 112
  • Turkmenistan – 112
  • Uganda – 112
  • United Arab Emirates - 999
  • United Kingdom – 112 or 999
  • Uzbekistan - 102
  • Vanuatu - 112
  • Vatican City - 112
  • Vietnam - 113
  • Yemen – 194
  • Zambia - 999
  • Zimbabwe – 999


Countries that use both 911 and their own unique emergency number as well;

  • British Virgin Islands – 911 or 999
  • Montserrat – 911 or 999
  • Saint Vincent And The Grenadines – 911 or 999
  • Solomon Islands – 911 or 999



Conclusion

No matter where you are preparing to travel, it's never a bad idea to gather emergency information in the event it is needed.  The old saying of; "I'd rather have it and not need it, than need it and not have it" is especially important once you leave the safety and familiarity of your native land or home in general.  If you think about it, the differences in outcomes more times than not has everything to do with preparedness in situations that could potentially bring you danger.  So next time someone asks what is the international emergency signal for distress, or for international emergency information, you will be ready to act in an instance. Safe travels and thank you for stopping by! 




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